EAST-AIRE Project Outline

 

                   Objective, Sites, Measurements , Questions , Instruments, Participants, Funding, Publications

 

Objective

East Asia with its heart in China is a region of heavy aerosol loading and of precursor gases with distinct and complex properties. To date, few in-situ measurements were made of the physical properties and chemical composition of the aerosols near the source regions. In order to gain a basic knowledge of the characteristics of aerosols and gases and a understanding of their climatic effects, a team of scientists from U.S. and China conduct joint field measurements by means of routine observations at fixed sites, and intensive observation campaign.[Top]

Sites

                             3 Supersites

                             2 IOP sites (todate)

                             25 nation-wide network sites [Top]

Measurements

1.     Super site measurements

Radiative quantities:         Broadband SW and LW fluxes

direct, diffuse and total irradiances

                                       Narrowband UV, PAR, and 8 other bands

Aerosol quantities:           Aerosol optical depths, single scattering albedo

                                      size distribution, aerosol filters

Cloud parameters:           Total sky imager, cloud cover, cloud optical

depth

                             Meteorological variables: surface pressure, temperature, wind, humidity

                                                                   Ozone total column amount, and profile

                                                                   Precipitable water

 

2.     IOP measurements

All above, plus

Cloud liquid path, cloud bottom height

Aerosol absorbing quantities

Aerosol composition and number concentration

OC/EC, ozone, NO, NOx, NOy, CO, SO2.

3.     National-wide network

Aerosol optical depth at 4 bands

Angstrom exponent

Surface total and visible (PAR) irradiance[Top]

Questions to address

·        What are the major types of aerosol, its loading and the single scattering albedos in the region,

·        How much do aerosols influence radiative forcing at the TOA and at the surface?

·        How do aerosols alter cloud microphysics and precipitation;

·        How are the properties of dust particles modified by air pollution? 

·        What are the origins and compositions of the aerosols? [Top]

Instruments


Table 1Instruments measuring radiation, cloud, and aerosol quantities, provided by University of Maryland and NASA/GSFC

 

Instruments

Manufacture

Observation Items

 

Kipp & Zonen

 

1. CM21 radiometer

2. CM22 radiometer

3. CV2 ventilator

4. EKO solar tracker

 

Kipp & Zonen (USA) Inc.

125 Wilbur Place

Bohemia, New York 11716

USA

www.kippzonen.com

 

 

Total (CM21) and Diffuse

radiation (CM22) with a

ventilation system (CV2).

All are placed on

solar-tracking system

 

Eppley

1. 8-48 B&W radiometer

2. Normal Incidence Pyrheliometer

3. Ventilator model VEN

4. PIR (Precision Infrared Radiometer)

 

Eppley Lab

Tom Kirk

401-847-1020

www.eppleylab.com

 

Diffuse and direct  solar radiation;

Vventilator attached to

8-48 radiometer

Campbell Scientific Logger (CR23X-4M)

Campbell Scientific Inc.

815 W. 1800N

Logan, Utah 84321-1784

Data acquisition

YES

MFR-7 Rotating shadow band radiometer

TSI 440A Total Sky Imager

 

Yankee Environment Sys.

Mark Beaubien

101 Industrial Blvd.

Turners Falls, MA

www.yesinc.com

 

Direct and diffuse spectral radiation

 

Cloud fraction

Cloud t

Cloud re

 

Total sky image and animation movie

Cimel CE-318

CIMEL Electronique

172 rue de Charonne

75011 Paris, France

Direct spectral radiance

Aerosol t, w, & size distribution

MPL Lidar

Developed by NASA/GSFC

Aerosol extinction profile, cloud height

Microwave Radiometer

Developed by NASA/GSFC

Cloud liquid water path

Precipitable water

High-volume Aerosol Sampler

Developed by University of Miami

Aerosol composition and size distribution

Aerosol optical sampler

Developed by NASA/GSFC

Aerosol scattering, absorption from UV to mid-IR


 

Table 2: Instruments Measuring Gases, Aerosol Physical and Chemical Properties (both for airborne and ground observations), provided by University of Maryland

 

 

Instruments

Manufacture

Model

Observation Items

Weight (lbs)

Dimension (cm)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pulsed Fluorescence SO2 Analyzer

Thermo Electron

Inc.

TEI 43C

Sulfur Dioxide

Concentration

 

46.5

 

58 x 42 x 22

Gas Filter Correlation CO Analyzer

Thermo Electron

Inc.

TEI 48C

Carbon Monoxide

Concentration

 

44.0

 

58 x 42 x 22

UV Photometric O3 Analyzer

Thermo Electron

Inc.

 

TEI 49C

 

Ozone Concentration

 

42.5

 

58 x 42 x 23

Integrating Nephelometer

TSI, Inc

3563

Aerosol Light Scattering

at 450,550 & 700 nm

44.5

 

105 x 29 x 25

Particle/Soot Absorption Photometer

Radiance

Research, Inc

 

Nil

Aerosol Light Absorption

at 565 nm

 

10.0

 

48 x 29 x 14

MetOne Particle Counter

 

MetOne, Inc.

 

9012

Aerosol Size Distribution

0.3-1.0µm

 

4.0

12 (diameter) x

25 (height)

Condensation Particle

Counter

 

TSI Inc.

 

3007

Total Aerosol Number

Concentration (<1.0 µm)

 

5.0

 

30 x 13 x 15

Rosemont

Pressure Transducer

 

Rosemont, Inc

 

2008

 

Atmospheric Pressure

 

4.0

 

12 x 10 x 8

Rustrack Data Logger

Thermo Westronics, Inc

RR2-

1200

 

Data Acquisition

 

3.5

 

30 x 19 x 5

Garmin GPS 90

Garmin, Inc.

90

Position

2.0

16 x 5 x 3

 


Table 3 Instruments measuring the chemistry and optical properties of absorbing aerosols, provided by the University of Hawaii

 

Instrument

Measurement Parameter

Omnidirectional Inlet & Tubing.

Built by Dave covert, U. Washington

Delivers air and aerosols to all our instruments

except the MOUDI impactors

TSI Model 3563

Integrating Nephelometer

Aerosol  Light Scattering at 450, 550, and 700 nm for

Aerosols. Alternating Total and <1 µm

Magee Scientific

Model AE3 Aethalometer

Aerosol Light Absorption at 370, 450, 571, 615,

660, 880, and 950 nm for Total Aerosols

Radiance Research PSAP

Aerosol Light Absorption at 565 nm,

Alternating Total and <1 um with neph

Sunset Labs

Semi-continuous Aerosol Carbon Analyzer

Bulk Elemental and

Organic Carbon in Aerosols

Bulk Aerosol Filter Sampler

Bulk Aerosol Concentrations of Chemical Species

(e.g., sulfate, nitrate, …)

2 ea MOUDI Cascade Impactors

Size-segregated Carbonaceous and

Inorganic Aerosol Collections

TSI Model 3320 Aerodynamic Particle Sizer

Number Size Distribution of Particles from 0.5 to 20 µm

TSI Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer

Number Size Distribution of Particles from 15 to 700 nm

TSI Model 3760 Condensation Particle Counter

Total Aerosol Number Concentration from 15 to 1000 nm

Monitor Labs Model 9810 Ozone Analyzer

Ozone Concentration

Mettler UMT-2 Microbalance

Gravimetric Aerosol Mass

Muffle Furnace

Cleaning quartz filters for OC/EC analysis

[Top]

 

Funding                 NASA, NSFUSA

Agencies               IAP/CAS, NSFC, China [Top]

 

 

Participating          University of Maryland (UMD)

Institutes               Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP)

                             NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

                             University of Hawaii (IOP05)

                             University of Miami (IOP05)

 

Participants           Principal Investigator:

                             Prof. Zhanqing Li

                             Department of Atmos. & Oceanic Sci. & ESSIC, UMD

                             College Park, MD

                                                   

                             Co-Principal Investigator:

                             Prof. Russell Dickerson,  

                             Department of Atmos. & Oceanic Sci. & ESSIC, UMD

                             College Park, MD

                      

                             Co-Investigator/Collaborators:

                             Drs. P. Wang, Y.Wang, X.Xia, H.Chen

                              IAP, Chinese Academy of Sciences,

                             Beijing, China

 

                             Drs. S.C. Tsay, B. Holben, V. Martin

                             NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

                             Greenbelt, MD

                 

                             Prof. Barry Huebert

                             University of Hawaii,

                             Hawaii                       

 

                              [Top]


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